Removal Request. April, Why order your juvenile justice paper from us? Works Cited Dedel, essay on juvenile justice, K. It was in the same period that there was witnessed growth in juveniles who took violence as a way of life, school shootings, use of crude weapons in playing fields among other essay on juvenile justice Lawyershop Of course, this has changed to a great extent since in the United States, but there remain those crimes for which youthful offenders, below the age of 18 are tried as adults. The juvenile diversion system was established with funding from the iverside County Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act ofapproved by the California Board of Corrections.
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In principle, the United States should follow international treaties only if it is a signatory to that specific treaty. However, the Supreme Court of the United States cannot ignore international standards completely either. There are several reasons for this. The world is becoming more and more globalized, essay on juvenile justice. Large numbers of immigrants have flocked to the United States in the last several decades and likewise American military and the FBI increasingly carry out operations in the territories outside the jurisdiction of the United States. And sometimes persons who are citizens of other countries, essay on juvenile justice captured outside the U. Or within its territory, are tried in American courts.
In these instances, it is not easy to ignore international laws and concerns. The United States is also a signatory to numerous international treaties essay on juvenile justice to the question of cruel and unusual punishment. If the United States is a signatory, then it is unconstitutional…. References Barnes, R. Washington Post. Retrieved on 15 Nov. html Cruel and unusual punishment, Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. html 1 Lane, C. Washington post. html Moll, J. Essay on juvenile justice, diversion should take place at the earliest stages of juvenile justice processing, to essay on juvenile justice a youth to essential services and avert further involvement in the system.
On the other hand, diversion mechanisms can be put into place at later stages of justice processing, to avoid further penetration into the system and expensive out-of-home placements. Efforts to keep youth out of the juvenile justice system who otherwise would be processed by the courts have existed since the creation of juvenile courts. As such, essay on juvenile justice, the 's reflected considerable growth in diversion programs, bolstered by significant federal investments in these initiatives. ising juvenile crime rates in the 's and early 's caused the political pendulum to swing in the…. References Austin, essay on juvenile justice, J. Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders.
pdf Diversion Programs: An Overview. html Juvenile Diversion Guidebook. Juvenile Justice System currently faces a number of challenges in dealing with delinquency. Many of those problems are underlying problems such as mental health issues, child abuse, child neglect, lack of funding, and the disconnection between professions dealing with children, all of which contribute to delinquency. The high incidence of child abuse and child neglect, in particularly, essay on juvenile justice, have been directly linked to delinquency and must be sufficiently addressed. In the future, the Juvenile Justice System must deal with all the current problems and its proper responses, including a multidisciplinary approach, essay on juvenile justice. Challenges Faced By The Juvenile Justice System Today Juvenile Justice System currently faces numerous problems.
One judge who speaks about the most serious problems is Judge John Phillips of Harris County, Texas. Though he serves the juvenile essay on juvenile justice system in one geographic area, he gives insights into the problems facing the entire juvenile justice system. Today's juvenile justice system must…. Works Cited Dedel, K. Child abuse and neglect in the home. Retrieved December 9, from www. pdf Finkelhor, essay on juvenile justice, D. Children's exposure to violence: A comprehensive national survey. pdf Phillips, essay on juvenile justice, J. Problems facing the juvenile justice system. pdf Sedlak, A. Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect NIS-4 - Report to Congress.
Juvenile Justice The Juvenile Criminal Justice System Juvenile courts and detention separate from adult courts is a relatively new concept ABA, Before the turn of the twentieth century, the cases for individuals of all ages were managed by the same criminal and civil courts, and the same sentences were handed out to all parties. Of course, this has changed to a great extent since in the United States, essay on juvenile justice there remain those crimes for which youthful offenders, below the age of 18 are tried as adults, essay on juvenile justice.
This paper examines how the juvenile justice system has evolved over the last years, what can lead to the transfer of a juvenile case to an adult court, and what effect transfer laws have on society. History The system that is now in place to house young people who were convicted of some crime separately from adults began with the opening…. References American Bar Association ABA. The history of juvenile justice, essay on juvenile justice. pdf Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice CJCJ. Juvenile justice history. The impact of juvenile transfer laws on juvenile crime. pdf Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Programs OJJDP.
Juvenile transfer laws: An effective deterrent to delinquency? Juvenile Justice Bulletin. This Act was more focused on preventing juvenile delinquency and separating the juveniles from the adults in the correction facilities. It was argued that the juveniles learnt even worse crimes and became more radical criminals if detained together with the adult offenders. This was more pronounced during the 'Progressive Era' with proponents like Morrison Swift suggesting that the juvenile delinquents only benefited to learn more criminal tactics from the seasoned adult criminals and hence replicate them in the society at the end of their period.
The Juvenile Justice and elinquency Prevention Act of introduced the Office of Juvenile Justice and elinquency Prevention OJJPthe Runaway Youth Program, and the National Institute for Juvenile Justice and elinquency Prevention NIJJP. ue to the never ending diversity of nature of crime, in the s through to mid s there was a rise in juvenile crimes with the peak being after which…. Due to the never ending diversity of nature of crime, in the s through to mid s there was a rise in juvenile crimes with the peak being after which it took a nose dive.
This necessitated the legislation of 'get tough on crime' measures. This was an amendment of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act and it now allowed states to try juveniles as adults in cases of violent crimes and crimes involving use of weapons. In some states, there were even stipulated detention periods and standards. The prediction fronted by Potter Stewart that there would be treatment of juveniles as adult criminals came to pass then. This system no longer treated juvenile delinquents under the violent crimes as delinquents but as young criminals as rehabilitation took a back bench.
It was in the same period that there was witnessed growth in juveniles who took violence as a way of life, school shootings, use of crude weapons in playing fields among other crimes Lawyershop This trend of transferring juvenile cases into fully fledged criminal cases has persisted to date. There has been a gradual increase in 'waiver' of cases from the juvenile courts to the state criminal courts in the recent years. Through the judicial waiver, statutory essay on juvenile justice or prosecutorial discretion, the juveniles are considered 'legal adults' there are several reasons contributing to the waiver of such cases in the U. In the U. there are 36 states that have enacted legislation excluding some particular offenses from jurisdiction of juvenile courts.
Among the reasons for waiver of cases in the U. is the age of the offender and the seriousness of the offence or crime committed. However, there are some states where the minimum age does not apply. Majority of the cases waived to criminal courts include murder; injury directly inflicted on the victim or assault; malicious destruction of property; crimes involving disruption of public order, obstruction of justice and crime involving use of weapons; and drug offences. There are as well other minor offenses like fish and game violation that warrant waiver since they do not fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. Some courts will also offer waiver to cases of felony to repeat offender.
A waiver can also be issued in some states under circumstances that the jury postulates that the offender is not susceptible to treatment. Waiving juveniles to criminal court can also be due to consideration that the involved juvenile deserves more punitive criminal court authority. It also operates on the premises that the "get tough" approach to fighting delinquency will help deter intending criminal characters. However, research has it that these more. The rest were charged only with minor offenses. The harshness of punishment in such cases appears to be disproportional to the crime. Indeed, Macallair states that the system was originally implemented to target the "worst of the worst. A further problem specific to Florida entails the disproportionate representation of race in cases transferred to the adult court system, essay on juvenile justice.
According to Macallair's report, African-American youths are 2. A consequence of the disproportionate manner of punishment and racial representation, is the prison system and its effect on juvenile offenders. According to several reports, including those of Macallairchiraldi, and Griffin, essay on juvenile justice danger that young people face in adult prisons essay on juvenile justice more extreme than that faced by normal adults. The vulnerability of a young person often makes…. Sources Building Blocks for Youth.
Fact Sheet: Essay on juvenile justice experience with Trying Juveniles as Adults. html Frontline. html Griffin, Patrick. Alternative Sanctions: Trying to Compare Recidivism Rates. Essentially, the authors focus on keeping the separate juvenile court active within the context of American states, essay on juvenile justice. Keeping up with a separate system to handle youths ensures a greater degree of flexibility within the system. This, therefore, makes the approach not too far of a cry from how things are currently done today.
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We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. Essays on Juvenile Justice System. Essay examples. Discussion of The Juvenile Justice System words 3 Pages. The society we live in today; the juvenile justice system is a major concern of law enforcement. Or do they really know what the thoughts are Justice Juvenile Justice System Society. Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice System Prison Violence. The present paper works on highlighting whether Juveniles should be tried as adults or not. The Juvenile Justice Care and Protection of Children Act, , which replaced the Act, is dynamic and complete enactment that provides for dealing with children in conflict with the Child Protection Juvenile Justice System.
Introduction Two million children are arrested in the U. every year and about 95 percent of those arrests are for non-violent crimes Mimms, Among them, African American youth are five times more likely than their white counterparts to be detained Micahels, , and children Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice System. From a young age children are taught that they need to graduate high school and go to college. They are told that education is the key to success in this world and it will be much harder to obtain a good job with no degree Introduction Over about more than a decade, Cook County, Illinois held the first juvenile court system in However, improvements in the understanding Court Juvenile Justice System Racial Discrimination.
Recognizing the critical element of the recovery of young people through the preservation of their privacy, the public are now interested to seek more information about juvenile crime and violence, state authorities, school officials, the public and victims. A growing amount of States are satisfying Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice System Privacy. Should juveniles be tried as adults? Living in this complex and hectic world, it is plausible for crimes to happen at any time and anywhere. By and large, it is possible that people at all ages can commit crime, and every country has their own Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice System Punishment. Should teens be tried as adults for committing serious violent crimes? I believe yes, teens who commit violent crimes should be tried as adults.
I feel this is appropriate for numerous reasons. It reduces the chances that a juvinile offender will commit multiples severe crimes Juvenile Justice System. In many countries, there are different rules that ensure that we as civilians become more aware of the dangers of the world and that keeps us safe in society. Certainly, in Canada, there are no exceptions to the dangers and laws that keep youths from The criminal justice system has a long system since s. In the olden days, criminals were tried similarly regardless of the age. There was no differentiation between the minors and the adults as no mechanism had been put in place to distinguish the two groups The combination of criminal and social history warrants a moderate risk factor for this individual.
Missouri Juvenile Court Assessment Xander's risk score as computed by the Missouri Juvenile Court Assessment is moderate, at 7. What additional information could have been used The case study reports yield insufficient information about both individuals. For example, no information is offered about Colleen's current school status or her relationship with peers. Neither individual's case study shows any prior assessment by psychologists or diagnoses of learning or physical disabilities. Interview data with either client is also missing; it would be helpful to have some more qualitative information that would present the courts with a fuller picture…. References Juvenile Offender Classification System Components.
Reasons for support of this program are such as: 1 this maintains the family bonds; honors the wishes of older children; 3 respects the cultural norms of the extended family; and 4 Limits state interference in families' lives. it is reported that the subsidized guardian programs are still being effectively integrated into the remaining U. court systems and implementing them in the lives of children of color. Summary and Conclusion Clearly today's juvenile justice worker is faced with many dilemmas concerning the placement of children of color with guardians when they are removed from the home of their biological parents. This study although brief, has shown quite conclusively that children of color are more likely to flourish and less likely to have bad outcomes normally….
Bibliography For the Children in Exile DLN Issues: Native Child and Family Rights. DLN Coalition Working Group on Native Child and Family Rights and Resources and DLN Issues, Juvenile Justice. Dakota-Lakota-Nakota Human Rights Advocacy Coalition. Accessed 12 Sept Green, Michelle Y. Accessed 12 Sept. Wright, Richard and Thomas, Judge Wadie Jr. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. Juvenile and Family Court Journal. The resolution should not be to eliminate the system but to further restore its intended purpose, to act as a parent to children who might be lacking in parenting at home or simply need additional help to reform their actions and attitudes before they enter the adult world.
Sensationalism should not drive policy change, especially policy change that might eliminate something that would be extremely costly to rebuild from the ground up in the future. Children and adult criminals need to be separated from one another by both outcomes of sentencing and in a physical sense of space. There is no better reason to argue for the continuation of the juvenile court system than this argument. Resolution of this issue, in the opinion of this researcher is for this legislator to vote against the current bill to eliminate the juvenile court. Enough has already been done, by reactionary policy reforms…. Works Cited Dodge, L. Krajicek, David J. Media Miss Real Story on Crime While Chasing Sex, Sleaze, and Celebrities.
New York: Columbia University Press, Tanenhaus, David S. Juvenile Justice in the Making. New York: Oxford University Press, Thomas, Karen Kruse. hen an offender is paroled, special conditions may be placed by the parole board upon the individual, to ensure that the rehabilitative process began in prison continues. These special stipulations may include counseling for substance abuse or anger management, substance abuse treatment in a residential facility, drug testing, not associating with certain individuals like members of the offender's former gang and even earning a high school diploma or equivalency degree.
The system takes an 'interest' in the development of the young offender "Division of Juvenile Justice: FAQs, , CDCR. The youthful offender "can earn an early discharge from parole supervision if they perform well on parole for a significant period of time," which the court system…. Works Cited Introduction. php Clark, Barry. html Division of Juvenile Justice -- FAQs. html q1. Introduction The State Juvenile Bureau is entrusted with the tremendous responsibility of aligning practices with core values and ethics. Juvenile justice has maintained distinct principles and practices from the adult criminal justice system for good reason. Therefore, the State Juvenile Bureau remains committed to evidence-based practice, to the ethical treatment of our youth, and to forming strategic partnerships with community organizations in order to promote both civic pride and public safety.
The decisions made by the State Juvenile Bureau directly impact the effectiveness of the bureau and all stakeholders in fulfilling obligations to the public, and achieving goals and objectives. A new model of organizational culture and change management, grounded in the principles of collaboration and accountability, will help increase organizational effectiveness within the State Juvenile Bureau. Prevalent Culture Current organizational culture within the Bureau does not preclude change, but resistance to change is evident. There are a plethora of…. Juvenile justice bureau. Youth parole bureau. Restorative Justice. New York: Routledge. The Future of Juvenile Justice 1. Do you think the United States will be better or worse in terms of the number of juvenile offenders and the severity of the offenses in the next 20 years?
I think that the United States will be considerably better in regard to the number of juvenile offenders in tandem with the severity of the offenses committed in the next two decades. Since the onset of the s, endeavors by legislators, non-profit organizations in addition to private citizens comparable have pressed for more rehabilitative endeavors to be employed in juvenile justice cases. What is definite, at least, is that the juvenile crime rate has declined substantially from the onset of the s and most of them still continue to decline on an annual basis. Sustained and unrelenting efforts on the part of all persons involved within the juvenile justice system will help in…. Annotated Bibliography Clark, A. Juvenile solitary confinement as a form of child abuse.
The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 45 3 , The article explains that it should be reported as child abuse and the system should not permit it. This article is relevant to the thesis because it shows that juvenile justice needs to be geared towards the fact that these are children not adults. Clark seems to imply that a treatment perspective is needed, but the…. Ethical Issues in Criminal Justice The juvenile justice system has a unique position in the American justice system as a whole. Its function should be to rehabilitate the juvenile offender before he or she becomes an adult criminal. Juvenile records are expunged when the individual becomes an adult. There are, of course, some exceptions of when a juvenile who commits a very serious crime and is charged as an adult, but for the most part, in theory, juvenile criminals have a unique status.
Juvenile offenders also are unique in that because of their age they may be guilty of particular crimes that only juveniles can be convicted of, in the form of so-called status offenses. Status offenses are controversial and raise…. Treatment Versus Punishment: That Is the Question! Introduction When it comes to the question of whether treatment or punishment should be used for juvenile offenders, it is important to remember that juveniles are still developing into adults: their minds, bodies, impulses and cognitive processes are still in formation phases and they do not have the kind of control that one might expect or assume of an adult. Juveniles are children, in other words, and if a child is ever thrown into a cage society is more than likely to label it child abuse.
Yet every year children are tried and punished for crimes as though they were adults. While sometimes punitive approaches to juvenile justice may be necessary in order to teach a lesson, they should not be on the scale of what they are for adults. The focus of juvenile justice should be on rehabilitation—not punishment. This paper will…. juvenile justice interventions to parental intervention and readiness for change. The study evaluates Parenting with Love Limits PLL group therapy program to determine its effect on adolescent behavior and its effect on parent factors as well as parent adolescent relationship and readiness for change. The methods and procedures used in conducting this study are descriptive and experimental.
It also involves statistical analysis of data. It also reviews previous studies that relates to it. It is descriptive in the sense that it gives a reader an insight into what terminologies like recidivism, re-adjudication, and community based intervention mean with regard to reducing adolescent oppositional and conduct disorders. The design was experimental in the sense that it used The Child Behavior Checklist CBCL to measure behavioral problems and social competencies of children as reported by their parents. The parents are reported to have completed the CBCL by themselves. The CBCL integrates …. References List Sells, S.
Reducing Adolescent Oppositional and Conduct Disorders: An Experimental Design Using the Parenting with Love and Limits Model. Warr, M. Making delinquent friends: Adult supervision and children's affiliations. Criminology, 43 1 , 77 -- Juvenile Justice Compare The author of this report has been asked to do a compare and contrast of the juvenile justice system of three different states. While all states have a juvenile justice framework, each state does things at least a little differently and thus these differences and outliers should be explored and explained.
The three states that will be compared and contrasted are New York, California and Georgia. While these three states have stark similarities, they also have ways that are entirely different from each other for whatever reason. New York has a decentralized framework when it comes to the handling and adjudication of criminal justice cases for juveniles. The Juvenile Corrections arm of law enforcement resides in the statehouse while after-care supervision is done by a combination of the state…. References JJGPS. State Juvenile Justice Profiles, pp. Pittsburgh, PA: NCJJ. National Center for Juvenile Justice. org NCSC. CSP Introduction. The historic year of , which was marked by South Africa's unification, saw an attempt to develop a national prison and punitive policy. This goal was encapsulated within the 13th Act of Prisons and Reformatories Act as well as within the establishment of a Prisons Department.
The Act served to revoke, partially or completely, every penal system-related law in place within the country's four colonies prior to its unification i. Nooshin Erfani-Ghadimi claims that prisons in the nation are often overpopulated, thereby overburdening their ventilation, sanitation, and healthcare facilities. Single cells may be used to house three inmates while the communal cells that are meant to house forty inmates may be packed with twice that amount of inmates, forcing them to sleep in triple or double bunks Smith-Spark, Brazil's Justice Ministry is in charge of the nation's prison system, whose….
Future ole of the Juvenile Justice System in the United States Young people are naturally prone to experimentation and impulsive behaviors that frequently result in their involvement with the law enforcement community, and police officers today generally enjoy wide latitude in resolving these incidents. In fact, in some if not most cases, police officers can release young offenders into the custody of their parents or guardians without the further involvement of the criminal justice system. Even when young offenders are arrested, though, the juvenile justice system tends to afford them with more leniency than their adult counterparts, due in part to the view that the role of the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate rather than punish.
These enlightened views of juvenile justice, though, are being replaced with "get-tough-on-crime" approaches in some states, and there remains a paucity of standardized models for states to follow. To gain some fresh insights…. References Alridge, D. Introduction: Hip hop in history: Past, present, and future. The Journal of African-American History, 90 3 , Black's law dictionary. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. Boyd, T. The new H. New York: Brookins, G. Innocence lost: Case studies of children in the juvenile justice system. The Journal of Negro Education, 71 3 , Treating Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice Delinquency treatment program: Peer mentoring program for African-American male juveniles A brief description of your community African-American males are disproportionately represented in the incarcerated juvenile population, relative to their percentage of the general population.
The reasons for this have been hotly debated amongst criminal justice professionals and laypersons. Possible reasons include racism within the police and justice systems, the ways laws are written, and also a lack of vocational opportunities. According to one study conducted by the U. Dealing with the unique problems of African-Americans within juvenile detention centers is clearly an essential…. References Black male dropouts lead nation in incarceration. PR News wire. Differential treatment of African-American The National Center on Education, Disability and Juvenile Justice. Visions of Juvenile Justice," author Christopher Slobogin writes about the difficulties that juveniles face in the criminal justice system of the United States. The article is part of a collection of opinion essays regarding the issues of juvenile criminals and victims.
Slobogin's view is that there is a lack of agreement in this country about what the proper punishment is for juvenile offenders and that without a uniform attitude towards this issue, there is an inequality in the country. There are some groups who advocate lenient treatment towards juveniles and a focus on rehabilitation and education. On the other side, there are those who believe that youthful people should not be excused for violent crimes simply because of age and that the punishment should fit the crime without taking the age of the offender too much into consideration. In the United States, people who commit crimes are punished, no…. Works Cited: Slobogin, Christopher New York, NY: Guilford.
The problem of determining the right approach is compounded by the effects of the culture of violence to which many young offenders are exposed. In some cases, it is possible to reform their behavior but in other cases, juvenile offenders already take on the hardened attitude normally associated with adult offenders. As a result, some juveniles are too far gone to reach through non-punitive methods by the time they reach high school age. In terms of the protections afforded by American due process principles, those principles are essential to the fair administration of criminal justice and they provide a much more fair judicial system than those of most other countries Dershowitz However, in terms of the distinction between due process with respect to suspending concepts of guilt in crimes perpetrated by juveniles, the strict application of punitive sentences for criminal conduct may sometimes be more appropriate.
Certainly, there are…. References Dershowitz, a. Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. Friedman, L. A History of American Law. New York: Touchstone. Pinizzotto, a. Street Gang Mentality: A Mosaic of Remorseless Violence and Relentless Loyalty. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Sep. Schmalleger, F. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Virginia Juvenile Justice Process In 's the juvenile justice system was created to reform U. policies regarding youth offenders. United state's original intent of juvenile justice system has shifted due to a number of reforms aimed at both protecting the "due process of law" rights of youth, and creating an aversion towards jail among the young, these reforms has made the system more comparable to the adult system History of Juvenile Competency Services in Virginia: After a year long study conducted by the Virginia commission on youth the juvenile competency statutes were enacted.
there were individuals from different groups that participated in the study, these individuals were from the Office of the Attorney General, juvenile court judges, prosecutors, public defenders, children's advocates, faculty from the University of Virginia and the University of ichmond, and senior administrative personnel from the state department of mental health, the state department of juvenile justice,…. Reference Commonwealth of Virginia, Steps in the Virginia Juvenile Justice System. aspx Eisten Law, History of America's Juvenile Justice System.
Crime As Schmalleger explains, the American juvenile-justice system was designed a century ago to reform kids found guilty of minor crimes, but more and more, the system has to cope with more violent crimes committed by younger people. The response on the part of lawmakers has been largely to siphon the worst of these young people out of the juvenile system by lowering the age at which juveniles charged with serious crimes can be tried in adult courts, a trend that seems to increase around election time. The underlying philosophy of early juvenile courts was parens patriae, which means that the courts took the role of parent and protected the rights of the child.
Shifting the child to adult court reduces his or her rights rather than increasing them and also bring son harsher punishments. As Daniel P. Mears notes, the creators of the juvenile court system thought it would…. Works Cited Eskridge, Chris W. Criminal Justice, 4th edition. New York: Roxbury, Schmalleger, Frank. Criminal Justice Today 8th edition. Victimization: Juvenile Justice Victimization of juveniles is more widespread and prevalent than is commonly perceived. This view is shared by many experts in the field who study the statistical data relating to victimization. More than , children - or 12 per 1, - were victims of crime, abuse or maltreatment in Sixty-three percent of maltreated children were neglected, nineteen percent were physically abused, ten percent were sexually abused, and eight percent were emotionally or psychologically maltreated.
NCVC In a recently released report on teen victims of crime, the National Centre for Victims of Crime urged that the problems of juvenile victimization must be addressed to find solutions. Instead, in the context of crime and violence, our nation's young people are more typically characterized as troublemakers, predators, and violent criminals. When victimization has been recognized, public attention has…. ibid Almost 1 in 10 murder victims aged 18 to 21 were black. Another report breaks down the statistics by race in the following: "Approximately , African-Americans were victims of violent crime during Blacks had the highest rate of violent victimization of any other racial group In , approximately , Hispanics experienced violent crime.
American Indian teenagers however are more likely than any other group. eforming the Juvenile Justice System: In Search of Justice and Accountability While the overall crime rate has steadily decreased over the last decade throughout the country, there is one segment of crime that has been increasing: criminal offences committed by juveniles National Criminal Justice eference Service: While a number of these juveniles were convicted of committing petty crimes such as vandalism and theft, there has been a significant increase in the number of serious juvenile offences such as robberies, weapons offences, assaults, and murders. However, there is something that is not quantitatively measured in these crime statistics -- the increasing brutality and ruthlessness of the crimes committed by juvenile offenders.
Over the last two decades, we have seen an increasing string of…. Charlotte Faltermayer, "What Is Justice For A Sixth-Grade Killer? Thomas Grisso, "The Competence of Adolescents as Trial Defendants, Psychology, Public Policy, and Law," forthcoming. Forensic Social Work: Discussion 9 Discuss whether or not the Juvenile Justice System is a racial justice issue. It is important to note, from the onset, that according to Robles-Ramamurthy and Watson , there are various research studies that have been conducted in the past in an attempt to assess the extent of racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. There is no doubt whatsoever that when racial representation in the juvenile justice system is disproportionate, concerns about equality of treatment as well as fundamental fairness are bound to be raised.
At present, the juvenile justice system has major disparities in as far as minority youth involvement versus white youth involvement is concerned. It should be noted that as the National Research Council and…. References National Research Council and Institute of Medicine Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. National Conference of State Legislatures — NCSL Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System. aspx National Juvenile Justice Network Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Systems: Promising Practices. Examining Racial Disparities in Juvenile Justice. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 48 3 , In July, , a year-old boy died following the brutal treatment he was subjected to at the Fountain Hills facility in Arizona.
The staff had forced him to "stand in the Arizona sun" in degree temperatures, wearing black sweat pants, according to an article in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing Bush, When he - or any of the other inmates - asked for water or food, he was "forced to eat mud. References Bush, Carol. Youth at risk - in facilities that are supposed to help! Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 14 4 , Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice: Executive Summary.
Retrieved February 26, , from the National Academies Press. acism and Mental Health Issues in Juvenile Justice Systems It seems that, not only are juvenile justice systems deficient in mental health services, and not only is there a disparity between services for whites and African-American youths - but some juvenile facilities may even be contributing to the deterioration of kids' emotional and mental well-being. This paper looks at racial prejudice in the administration of juvenile justice from the point-of-view of who gets locked up, what happens once they're in, and the built-in system cruelty.
Another key fact illustrating the institutional bias…. References Bishop, Donna M. Race effects in juvenile justice Decision-making: finding of a statewide analysis. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Glasser, Jeff , May 8. And Justice for Some. Lardiero, Carl J. Of disproportionate minority confinement. Corrections Today. Juvenile Corrections Juvenile delinquency is a common phenomenon in the globe today. Owing to the severe crimes, committed, different states handle the matter differently. On one hand, some states utilize the "punitive approach" that prioritizes crime control, punishment, and incarceration; on another, the restorative model, which stresses human rights, youth development research, and restoring the community.
In the United States, the law does not tolerate juvenile delinquency; this explains the utilization of the "punitive approach" when handling juveniles. In addition, policies in the U. are becoming more punitive; therefore, juveniles have found themselves tried in the adult legal system. However, in the recent past, the U. has re-considered the death and life without parole sentences for juveniles, which it has termed as unconstitutional. Apparently, the state is gradually applying some human rights principles in relation to juvenile justice policy, a positive move, indeed Caldwell, Background During the 19th century,…. References Abrams, L. Paradoxes of treatment in the juvenile corrections. Child and youth car form, 34 1 , Caldwell, B. Punishment vs. restoration: A comparative analysis of juvenile delinquency law in the United States and Mexico.
Hirth, D. Early intensive help for high-risk juveniles. Corrections today, Perlin, M. Collaborative justice. Criminology and Law Enforcement, Juvenile Justice Juvenile delinquents Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims Juvenile justice: Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims The adult justice system in America has long focused upon retribution and community restoration as well as rehabilitation of offenders. Victims must be 'made whole,' not just offenders within the adult system. However, the juvenile justice system has had a far less clear focus upon the restoration of justice to the community than that of its adult counterpart.
This is partially due to the oft-expressed view that juveniles are less morally responsible than adults. Juvenile records are usually 'wiped clean' after the adolescents have served their time in probation or prison. The focus of the juvenile justice system is always on the improvement of the life of the juvenile and to reduce the likelihood of recidivism, rather than outright punishment. On the other hand,…. References Balanced and restorative justice. OJJDP report: Guide for implementing the balanced and restorative justice model.
Retrieved July 4, html Giacomazzi, Andrew L. Review of Restorative justice by Ruth Ann Strickland. New York, NY: Peter Lang, Juvenile Court Juvenile criminal justice system has enforced laws, which govern the rules for determining whether a juvenile criminal is eligible for a sentence or a counseling period is mandatory to alter the behaviors of such individuals. This system has been effectively placed for children less than the age of 21 who have reportedly committed crimes in various forms such as sex offenders; murderers etc. In this essay, a case study of one of the most fierce juvenile crime acts have been presented which explains a situation where the juvenile criminal was at first ordered to be treated as an adult for the sentence purposes due to committing first degree of the crime.
However, later due to his…. References Bell, S. Young Offenders and Youth Justice: A Century After the Fact. Toronto: Cengage Learning. Jones, B. Retrieved from. While there are schools in the juvenile system, some of these Hispanic children may come in so behind in their educations that they will requires special services to bring them current in their educations. Therefore, educational and mental health concerns are highlighted for Hispanic youth entering into the juvenile justice system. Conclusion The juvenile justice system in the United States is out-of-control. While Fairfax County, Virginia's juvenile justice system is not experiencing the same problems as other areas, it would be erroneous to assume that its system is still the best way of dealing with juvenile offenders.
Fairfax County has a large Hispanic population, and Hispanic youth are overrepresented in its juvenile justice system. One must assume that a lack of cultural sensitivity has helped contribute to this problem. Ensuring that Hispanic youth and their families have access to the same quality of non-penal services as other youth…. References Chambers, B. Latino youth in the juvenile justice system -- key facts. Delinquency juvenile criminal cases. Juveniles may commit crimes on the same level as adults do, but they are of a special case because of their age and relative psychological immaturity. The purpose of the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate the minors and help them integrate better into the society.
As research shows, police officers come into contact with different kinds of juveniles offenders. They may be mentally ill or handicapped. Some of them come from disorderly families, or are routinely abused physically and sexually by parents or other family members. These unique circumstances make juveniles a special case. As Lawrence and Hemmens write, police officers need to take special measures in treating juveniles during and after arrest especially because "young persons' views and attitudes toward….
References Arundel, a. pdf Bartollas, C. Cole, G. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Criminal Law Free Advice. According to Lawlor, Connecticut has "developed a flexible approach geared toward immediate intervention and proven results" Lawlor. He explains that not every teenaged car thief with a record of several arrests should be sent to prison, just as not every year-old first time truant needs to be simply sent home to his parents Lawlor. The state of Connecticut has sole responsibility for all probation, adult and juvenile, and all graduated sanctions programs are operated by the state or by private, non-profit organizations funded by the state Lawlor.
For more than twenty years, the term 'juvenile' in the state of Connecticut refers to only youths under the age of sixteen; youths who are sixteen years and older are treated as adults for all crimes Lawlor. In , before the graduated sanctions were implemented, the most serious violent juveniles were the focus of the juvenile court, and all other cases were for…. Works Cited Bilchik, Shay. April 1, Retrieved November 30, from HighBeam Research Library. September 22, Grisso, Thomas. Discuss history B. Goals C. programming youth held. Students expected draw information class material scholarly sources journal articles, government websites, NPO websites.
Bortner and Williams define a total institution as a physical location such as a prison or a reformatory where all the total needs of the residents are met. The needs of the individuals are mostly physical such as health, clothing, nutrition, shelter, etc. For juveniles, total institutions must be able to meet their educational and psychological needs as the youth. For an institution to quality as a total institution, the totality of the care that is provided in the institutions must be reflected in the round the clock confinement of the residents including holidays and weekends Shoemaker, Goffman argues that in many different ways, correctional institutions also…. References ABA Division for Public Education.
The History of Juvenile Justice. In ABA Division for Public Education Ed. Chicago, IL: American bar association. Austin, J. Alternatives to the Secure Detention and Confinement of Juvenile Offenders pp. Rockville, MD: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U. Dept of Justice. Bortner, M. Youth in Prison. New York: Rutledge. Commonwealth v. Fisher, No. Juvenile Delincency in Urban Areas Juvenile delinquency is a contemporary term for an old problem. One of the oldest relevant studies of the phenomenon was 'social disorganization' theory, which was developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 's.
This theory posits that there exist areas in a city in which traditional institutions have little or no control. This was studied in Chicago using a system of 'Concentric Zones' which demonstrated that most of the crime in the city occurs within certain areas that are typically associated with poverty. According to studies conducted by Shaw and McKay in the 's, "a preponderance of the delinquent boys lived either in areas adjacent to the central business and industrial district or along the two forks of the Chicago River, ack of the Yards, or in South Chicago, with relatively few in other outlying areas. Bibliography Carlin Wong. Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay: The Social Disorganization Theory.
Center for Spacially Oriented Social Science. Terence Morris. Trojanowicz, Merry Morash, and Pamela Schram. Juvenile Delinquency Concepts and Control, 6th Edition. Prentice Hall: Walter B. The Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States: Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. April, Juvenile Gangs Gangs have been thorns on the flesh of the citizens of the United States no wonder they have occupied a prominent position in American criminological literature. Gang wars between the Crips and the Bloods in Los Angeles are testament to the gang culture among certain communities in the United States.
As opposed to the Dutch youth who are interested in music and romance of the West Side Story, especially the video clips and compact disc with gangster rap, the Americans juveniles appear to have negative associations Klein, The language of the youngsters perceived to be engaging in juvenile gang activities is characterized by hyperbole and contains refers to competition and violence. The youth style personified by rappers like Tupac Shakur and Notorious B. who appeared to talk about the hard life in their neighborhoods referred to juvenile gangs. This research paper seeks to review literature on criminal….
References List Defleur, L. Delinquent Gangs in Cross-Cultural Perspective: the Case of Cordoba. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 4 1 , Flores, J. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: National Report. pdf Klein, M. The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U. And Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Juvenile facilities provide intensive and specialized therapeutic programs with brilliant results. The juvenile placed in juveniles' corrections enjoy an education-centered curriculum and trained staff that functions exclusively with the juvenile offenders' population. On the contrary, those juvenile held in adult jails and prisons do not enjoy these services Siegel , Understanding that juveniles hold different emotional, safety, social and physical requirements from adult offenders, guidelines requiring certified juveniles to get placements in divergent setting other than adult prisons and jails is paramount.
More than sixteen states in America hold certified juveniles in juvenile corrections and not in adult prison until these offenders reach eighteen years. Six states hold juvenile in juvenile facilities until they attain the age of Pennsylvania and Virginia passed the laws requiring that juveniles, regardless of their crime, get placement in juvenile correction facilities and not in adult jails Dietch , p. This is because…. Reference List Deitch, M Juveniles in the adult criminal justice system in Texas. The University of Texas at Austin, school of Public Affairs. Elrod, P. Juvenile justice: A social, historical and legal perspective. Roberts, a. Social work in juvenile and criminal justice settings.
Texas: Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Siegel, L Introduction to criminal justice. New York: Cengage Learning. They must also determine what types of delinquent behavior and youth violence are causing the greatest concern in the community. Medaris, , para. This intention seriously contradicts the intention of the juvenile justice system to demonstrate focus on individual cases of each juvenile offender and give it adequate time for understanding of all mitigating circumstances, rather than seeking to understand outside fear of crime. The "mitigating" factors of public crime fear are in dire need of reevaluation, starting with unrealistic and…. Resources Cothern, L.
November "Juveniles and the Death Penalty," Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention OJJDP Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. pdf Medaris, M August "Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program. Based on statistics, nearly one million eighth graders admit getting drunk and another 1. Youth Gangs and Violence - The Starting Point It should be noted that violence started from the family affecting the whole society. hat an individual has for a family, what can be seen in the society, what is seen in the environment are all clear reflections of the kind of people a certain society is bringing up - whether it is a deviance to the society or not. Now, pertaining to the crimes and how the government solved it, it must be remembered that the laws are already there, it is already being maintained by the concerned officials and followed the U.
But there are still some…. Works Cited Capital punishment. Capital Punishment: Pros. shtml Cerf, Vinton G. Computer Networking: Global Infrastructure for the 21st Century. February 21, school, religious activities, sports, family involvement. These negative affects of increased usage not only directly affect juvenile drug abusers with increased occurrence of detention, but also make less effective rehabilitation programs needed for these young offenders. Prevention Programs: Over the last two decades, there have been a plethora of clinical trial research that have identified effective adolescent substance use prevention programs. Sadly, funding for drug use prevention services has decreased over recent years, partly due to the increased need for drug user treatment for young people.
As an example, in , Congress reduced funding for community drug prevention studies at the U. With reduced funding, it is of even greater importance that prevention programs are as effective as possible. References Bilchik, S. From the administrator. Juvenile detention as a disposition. Journal of Juvenile Justice Services, 20 2. Retrieved September 21, , from Academic Search Premier database. Kumpfer, K. Jul Family-based interventions for substance use and misuse prevention.
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